dragunov
| Caliber: | Russian 7.62x54mm Rimmed |
| Operation: | gas, semi-automatic |
| Capacity: | 10 round detachable box magazine |
| Weight: | 9.5lb (4.31kg) empty with telescope |
| Length: | 48.2 in (122.5 cm) |
| Barrel Length: | 24 in (62 cm) |
| Rifling: | 4 grooves, 1:10 right hand twist |
| Max Rate of Fire: | 30 RPM |
| Aimed Rate of Fire: | 3-5 RPM |
| Scope Type: | PSO-1 with IR detection capability |
| Scope Data: | 24mm objective lens, 4x, 6 degree field of view |
| Exit Pupil Measurement: | 6mm |
| Compatible Passive Night Scopes: | NSP-3: 2.7x, 7 degree field of view range of approx 300 yds PGN-1: 3.4x, 5.7 degree field of view range of 400-500 yds |
| Type | Sniper rifle, designated marksman rifle |
|---|---|
| Place of origin |  Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1963–present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Vietnam War,[1] Cambodian–Vietnamese War, Soviet war in Afghanistan, Iraq War, Yugoslav Wars, First and Second Chechen Wars, 2008 South Ossetia War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Yevgeny Dragunov |
| Designed | 1958–1963 |
| Manufacturer | Izhmash, Ordnance Factories Organisation, Norinco |
| Produced | 1963–present[2] |
| Variants | See Variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 4.30 kg (9.48 lb) (with scope and unloaded magazine)[2] 4.68 kg (10.3 lb) (SVDS) 4.40 kg (9.7 lb) (SVU) 5.02 kg (11.1 lb) (SWD-M) |
| Length | 1,225 mm (48.2 in) (SVD)[2] 1,135 mm (44.7 in) stock extended / 815 mm (32.1 in) stock folded (SVDS) 900 mm (35.4 in) (SVU) 1,125 mm (44.3 in) (SWD-M) |
| Barrel length | 610 mm (24.0 in) (SVD, SWD-M)[2] 565 mm (22.2 in) (SVDS) 600 mm (23.6 in) (SVU) |
| Cartridge | 7.62x54mmR[2] |
| Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt |
| Muzzle velocity | 830 m/s (2,723 ft/s) (SVD, SVDS, SWD-M) 800 m/s (2,624.7 ft/s) (SVU) |
| Effective range | 800 m |
| Maximum range | 1,300 m with scope 1,200 m with iron sights |
| Feed system | 10-round detachable boxmagazine[2] |
| Sights | PSO-1 telescopic sight and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight |
The weapon is fed from a curved box magazine with a 10-round capacity and the cartridges are double-stacked in a checker pattern.
The Dragunov's barrel is ended with a slotted flash suppressor. The barrel’s bore is chrome-lined[3] for increased corrosion resistance, and has 4 right-hand grooves with a 320 mm (1:12.6 in) twist rate. The rifled part of the barrel is 547 mm (21.5 in). Later the twist rate was tightened to 240 mm (1:9.4 in) which slightly reduces the accuracy of fire with sniper cartridges and reduces the muzzle velocity to 810 m/s (2,657.5 ft/s). This was done in order to facilitate the use of tracer and armor-piercing incendiary ammunition. These special bullet types required a shorter twist rate for adequate stabilization.[4]
For precision shooting, specifically designed sniper cartridges are used, developed by V. M. Sabelnikov, P. P. Sazonov and V. M. Dvorianinov. The proprietary 7N1 load has a steel jacketed projectile with an air pocket, a steel core and a lead knocker in the base for maximum terminal effect. The 7N1 was replaced in 1999 by the 7N14 round. The 7N14 is a new load developed for the SVD. It consists of a 151 grain projectile which travels at the same 830 m/s, but it has a sharp hardened steel core projectile. The rifle can also fire standard7.62x54mmR ammunition with either conventional, tracer or armor piercing incendiary rounds.
The Russian military has established accuracy standards the SVD and its corresponding sniper grade ammunition have to meet. Manufacturers must perform firing tests to check if the rifles and sniper grade ammunition fulfill these standards. To comply to the standards the SVD rifle with 7N1 sniper cartridges may not produce more than 1.24 MOA extreme vertical spread with 240 mm twist rate barrels and no more than 1.04 MOA extreme vertical spread with 320 mm twist rate barrels. When using standard grade 57-N-323S cartridges the accuracy of the SVD is reduced to 2.21 MOA extreme vertical spread. The extreme vertical spreads for the SVD are established by shooting 5-shot groups at 300 m range. The accuracy requirements demanded of the SVD with sniper grade ammunition are similar to the American M24 Sniper Weapon System with M118SB cartridges (1.18 MOA extreme vertical spread) and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System with M118LR ammunition (1.27 MOA extreme vertical spread).[5]
The Dragunov has a vented, two-piece wooden handguard/gas tube cover and a skeletonized wooden thumbhole stock equipped with a detachable cheek rest; the latter is removed when using iron sights. Newer production models feature synthetic furniture made of a blackpolymer - the handguard and gas tube cover are more or less identical in appearance, while the thumbhole stock is of a different shape.
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